Spasticity refers to persistent muscle overactivity resulting from damage to the nervous system. It mainly affects the muscles of the forearm and hand, causing abnormal and difficult-to-control stiffness.
This excessive muscle contraction leads to characteristic postures such as:
- A clenched fist
- A flexed wrist
- A bent elbow
These positions can interfere with daily activities, make hygiene and dressing more difficult, and limit functional use of the limb.
The goal of surgery is to reduce excessive muscle tension responsible for spasticity. Depending on the situation, different techniques may be used:
- Tenotomies to cut an overly tight tendon
- Tendon lengthening to reduce muscle tension
- Selective neurotomies to decrease excessive nerve activity
The choice of technique depends on the pattern of spasticity and the functional goals defined for each patient.
Surgical procedures can improve the position of the upper limb, facilitate hygiene care and dressing, and in some cases restore useful grasping function. The primary objective is to enhance patient comfort and quality of life.
Surgery is most often part of a broader therapeutic program, which includes:
- Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections to reduce spasticity
- Intensive rehabilitation to optimize functional outcomes after surgery
This coordinated approach allows treatment to be tailored to the specific needs of each patient.